The City of London, the United Kingdom’s capital, is one of the oldest in the world with almost two millennia of history. This city is one of the most cosmopolitan capitals. It is so far the largest metropolitan of Britain, and also the economic, transport, and cultural center of the country. The city is at the head of the Thames River, 50 miles into the North Sea of England. The City of London is the old core and financial center with an area of only 1-12 square km. Many national governments have been located in the neighboring city of Westminster for centuries. Modern London has 31 more districts to the north and south of the Thames. The London Assembly and the Mayors rule on the territory of London.
London has four World Heritage sites: London Tower; Kew Gardens; Palace, Westminster Abbey, and St. Margaret’s Church, and the ancient Greenwich Settlement. Greenwich Royal Observatory established the Prime Meridian and Greenwich Meantime . The Tower of London is located in Kew Gardens; Buckingham Palace, London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St. Paul’s Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square, and The Shard were other monuments. There are many museums, galleries, libraries, athletic events in London. The British Museum, the National Gallery, the Natural History Museum, and Tate Modern, the British Library.
A Brief History of London and its Anthropology
The Pre-History of London
The remnants of a Bronze Age bridge on the south bank of the Vauxhall Bridge. This bridge possibly passed through the Thames or reached an island now lost there. The radiocarbon dating between 1750 BC and 1285 BC were two of these woods. On the south shoreline, the foundation of a massive wood building dated between 4800 BC and 4500 BC. There is no known function of the mesolithic structure. Both are located on the south side, which leads into the Thames along the Effra River.
The Colonial Time of London
The history of this city starts with the Romans, according to anthropology. Excavations west of London found remnants of circular dwellings going back to 2000 BC. The Roman forces swiftly came to rule most of the southeast of Britain; they began to occupy Britain under Emperor Claudius in 43 AD, at a position north of the swampy Thames valley. London had two low hills with a bridge from the land to the south. They founded London. The earliest clear mention of London is from 60 AD. Roman historian Tacitus wrote about a well-known traders’ business center.
Roman London
The Romans constructed the first large colony. There is evidence of dispersed Brythonic villages in the region, some four years after the invasion in 43 AD, according to anthropology. Queen Boudica led the flames of the settlement by the tribe of Iceni until approximately 61 AD. Colchester replaced an elaborately planned iteration of Londinium, the capital of Britannia’s Roman Province. Roman London had roughly 60,000 inhabitants at its highest level in the 2nd century.
Barbican Anthropology of London
The same year, Iceni barbarians destroyed the village under the leadership of Queen Boudicca (Boadicea). The evidence may establish the flames. They had fired, erected and stretched that St. Paul’s Cathedral in Walbrook valley. After the sack, they rebuilt a large basilica with an isolated 500-meter-long hall. The Leadenhall Market, a cast iron and glass building created in 1881, is in the same place today. They also erected Cripplegate Fort with an amphitheater adjacent in the late 1st century to safeguard the town.
In the early part of the 2nd century, the fortunes of Londinium shifted in around 150 AD. About 200 AD, defense constructed a landward wall. On the edge of the Barbican and the tower hill, the remains of the wall may be seen. In medieval times, they repaired and enlarged the six Roman walls. They also renovated the public houses of the Thames and created a river wall during the 3rd century. The surface area was around 330 acres (about 135 ha). Londinium was less populated in the third and fourth centuries than in 125 AD. In the early fifth century, when the soldiers were returned to Rome, the land had been abandoned. In the next two centuries, what took place in London is an assumption.
Anglo-Saxon London
From the 5th century, the fall of Roman control made London no longer a metropolis, according to anthropology. The walled town of Londinium was abandoned. In the region of St Martin-in-the-Fields, Roman culture remained unchanged. A little west of the old Roman town, formed from around five hundred, an Anglo-Saxon village, known as Lundenwic. The town had regrouped to a significant port. The large-scale manufacturing is scant proof. Repeated attacks by Vikings led to a decrease in the 19820s. There are three registers; those were successful in 851 and 886. The latter was rejected in 994.
The Viking Age, according to the Anthropology of London
The Vikings established Danelaw across most of Eastern and Northern England according to anthropology. Its borders were extended approximately from London to Chester. In 886, King Alfred publicly accepted it as a region of political and geographical dominance imposed by the Viking assaults. Alfred “newly” Londoner in 886 the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. The abandoned Lundenwic has shown archeological study. Life and commerce were restored within the ancient walls of Rome. London then steadily flourished until around 950, following which there was a significant surge.
Conquest of London
London was the largest town in England in the 11th century beyond all comparisons. The Westminster Abbey was one of the greatest churches in Europe, erected in the Romanesque style by Confessor King Edward. The former capital of Anglo-Saxon England was Winchester. But since that time, London has been the principal platform for international commerce and a defense base in wartime. In Frank Stenton’s view: “He had the resources to build the dignity of a country’s capital and its political self-awareness.”
William, Duke of Normandy, was awarded the King of England on Christmas Day 1066 after winning the Battle of Hastings. To bully the native residents, in the southeastern corner of the city, William built the Tower of London. The first of several Norman castles reconstructed in England. The Westminster Hall structure, near the abbey of the same name, began in 1097. He also built a new Palace of Westminster on the hall.
Medieval Ages of London
In the 12th century, the central government institutions had grown in size and complexity. It had previously accompanied the Royal English Court as it traveled through the kingdom. This was Westminster for most purposes; however, Winchester brought the King’s treasure in the tower. The city of Westminster has become a legitimate state capital. While England’s greatest metropolis and key commercial center is its separate neighbor. The City of London prospered under its governance, the London Corporation. It had about 18, 000 inhabitants in 1100 and around 100,000 in 1300, according to anthropology. In the middle of the fourteenth century, London lost over a third of its population. A catastrophe came in the shape of the Black Death.
Early Modern London
London was the biggest metropolis in the world from about 1831 to 1925, with 325 people a hectare in population. Overcrowded circumstances in London led to a cholera pandemic. This deadly pandemic killed fourteen thousand lives in 1848 and six thousand lives in 1866 . Increasing congestion of traffic led to the establishment of the first municipal railway network in the world. In 1889, when those districts established the London County Council around the capital. The Metropolitan Council oversees the construction of infrastructural facilities in the city.
London became mainly a center of global young culture in the mid-1960s. The subculture Swinging London is typified and is linked to King’s Road, Chelsea, and Carnaby Street. During the punk era, the role of the trendsetter was restored. In 1965, the political boundaries of London were increased. The new Greater London Council extended urban expansion to accommodate them. The Interim Irish Republican Army bombed London for two decades during the Northern Ireland Troubles. The ARMY commenced with the bombing of the Old Bailey in 1973. The 1981 Brixton riot underlined racial disparity.
Late Modern London
In the decades following the Second World War, the population of Greater London slowly fell. According to the anthropological historians, they observed from an estimated peak in 1939 of 8.6 million to roughly 6.8 million in the 1980s. London’s main ports relocated downstream to Felixstowe and Tilbury, and revitalization in the London Docklands area, notably the Canary Wharf. This is part of the ever-growing position of London in the 1980s as a major worldwide financial center. In the 1980s, the Thames Barrier was finished to defend London against the North Sea tidal waves.
The Contemporary age of London
With the introduction of the Greater London Council, it was disbanded in 1986, leaving London without a central administration until 2000. The Millennium Dome, London Eye, and Millennium Bridge have been built to mark the beginning of the 21st century. London won the Summer Olympics of 2012 on 6 July 2005. As a first city in the world that held three Olympic Games. On 7 July 2005, a series of terrorist strikes attacked three London underground railways and a double-decker bus.
As a Nylonkong, Time rated London as the world’s third most influential international cities in 2008. He projected the population of Greater London as 8.63 million in January 2015, as the highest since 1939. The UK as a whole elected to leave the European Union during the 2016 Brexit Referendum. However, the majority of London constituencies chose to stay in the European Union.
The Culture
London as an Entertainment Hub
Entertainment dominates the London economy. A 2003 estimate gave London 25.6 events per 1000 people for a fifth of the whole U.K. leisure industry. According to official data, the city is the third most busy film production center. The offers come more live comedy than any other city in the world. This city has the largest theatre audience in the world. It represents the four major fashion capital cities.
Theatres
Within the City of Westminster, London, Leicester Square, where London and international film premiers are held, is the entertainment hub. Piccadilly Circus is famous for its gigantic electronic advertising. There are numerous theatres, pubs, bars, restaurants, and theatres in London, including the City of Chinatown. The City of London is also a part of the theatre. Andrew Lloyd Webber has been in the town since the end of the 20th century. His musicals have dominated the West end theatre. The Royal Ballet, the Royal Opera, and the British Opera are situated in London. Other artists also performed at the Royal Opera House, London’s Coliseum, Sadler’s Wells Theater, and the Royal Albert Hall.
The 1 mile Upper Street of Islington stretches north from Angel with over 1 mile of eateries in the UK. Oxford Street, which is almost 1 mile long and is the largest retail district in the UK. It is Europe’s most busy retail corridor. There are several businesses and department shops on Oxford Street, including the world-famous Selfridges Flagship Store. Knightsbridge is located to the southwest, home of the similarly well-known department shop of Harrods.
London has designers like Vivienne Westwood, Galliano, Stella McCartney, Manolo Blahnik, and Jimmy Choo. This city’s famous art and fashion schools are a global fashion center. The ethnically varied populations of London provide a large diversity of cuisines. The restaurants in Bangladesh include the Brick Lane eateries and the Chinese Chinatown eateries.
Events in London
There are a range of yearly events, starting with the new New Year’s Day parade. A fireworks exhibition sets at the London Eye, and every year at the end of the month of August. It is a second biggest street celebration in the world, the Notting Hill Carnival. Traditional parades include November’s Mayor’s Show and June’s Trooping the Color. The official military spectacle of Commonwealth regiments and the British Army to commemorate Queen’s official birthday. The yearly election of a new Lord Mayor is a festive and enthusiastic occasion of the town of London. Boishakhi Mela of British population in Bangladesh is a New Year Bengali event. It is Europe’s biggest open-air event in Asia. This event has attracted more than 80,000 visitors around the country after the Notting Hill Carnival. It is the second most important street event in the United Kingship.
Literature
The location for numerous literary works was London. From London onwards, Canterbury set forth the pilgrims in Geoffrey Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales toward the end of the 14th century. His contemporaries, Ben Jonson also lived and worked in London; his work, especially his play Alchemist, was set up in town. William Shakespeare spent his life mostly in London. The fictionalization of the events of the Plague was a Journal of the Plague Year (1722) by Daniel Defoe.
Hilly Hampstead and (from the early 20th century) Bloomsbury have long been the literary centers of London. Writers intimately related to the city include Samuel Pepys, Charles Dickens and Virginia Wolf. They are considered the most important literary personalities in 20th Century Modernism. Pepys was a journalist who was famous for his Great Fire report. Dickens has played a key part in people’s visions of early Victorian London as street sweepers and pickpockets. Later, Dickens and Arthur Conan Doyle’s writings are major portrayals of London from the 19th and early 20th century. Letitia Elizabeth Landon’s London Seasons Calendar is also important (1834). Peter Ackroyd and Iain Sinclair are the modern writers who are affected by the town all over the world. Ackroyd, author of London’s “Biography,” and Iain Sinclair, who works in the psychogeography genre.
Performing Arts
In the film business, London played an important role in the performing arts. Twickenham and Borehamwood and the community of special effects. These post-productions centered in Soho are major studios inside or on the London frontier. The headquarters of Working Title Films is in London. The screening took place in the London, including Oliver Twist, Scrooge, Peter Pan, My Fair Lady, and Love Actually. Noteworthy London-based actors and filmmakers are Charlie Chaplin, Michael Caine, Alfred Hitchcock, Helen Mirren, Gary Oldman, Christopher Nolan. The Royal Opera House has been awarded a British Academy film prize since 2008.
Media
London is a prominent TV production center with studios such as the BBC, the Fountain Studios, and The London Studios. Many TV series, like the iconic East Enders TV soap opera that has been shown by the BBC since 1985.
Museums
London is home to several galleries, museums and other institutions. Many of them are free of entry fees and important tourist attractions. The British Museum in Bloomsbury was the first to be founded in 1753. The museum presently includes seven million artifacts from throughout the world, including antiques, natural history items, and the National Library. It is currently a leading on Trafalgar Square. It was built in 1824 for the National Gallery in which a collection of British Western paintings was collected.
Libraries
The British Library and the United Kingdom National Library are the world’s second-largest libraries. Many more libraries include the Welcome Library and The Dana Center. The university libraries include Imperial Central Library, King’s Maughan Library, and the University of London’s Senate House Library.
We’re reaching the end of here. I hope I have given you enough information on London to look for more. Be safe and secure till then.
